Compilation details

Before proceeding, please take a look at this link first: other solutions, maybe it will be better for you than manual compilation.

Xamarin.Android sources:
https://github.com/xamarin/xamarin-android

My environment:
* Debian 9 (probably it will work on Debian 8 also);
* x86_64 computer (probably it may work on x86 also)

I've compiled this version:

commit e83c99c12d9a397457146c639c3d4e85198bda91
Date:   Thu Jun 15 2017

But I would not reccomend to do the same, because I've spent a lot of time to fix the issues.

If you will take a look
https://github.com/0xFireball/xamarin-android-linux
then you may find this very interesting link:

https://jenkins.mono-project.com/view/Xamarin.Android/job/xamarin-android-linux/lastSuccessfulBuild/Azure/

So, you can find the last successful build version and retry the build if you want.

Personally, I have not tried to use files from their Jenkins distribution...

Compilation details:

*  git clone https://github.com/xamarin/xamarin-android.git (it is necessary to don't forget to clone the successful build version);
* http://www.mono-project.com/download/alpha/ (alpha version), because it needs mono => 5.2.0 and msbuild (and later you will need the nuget);
* add javac (version >= 1.8) to the PATH, for example export PATH="$HOME/java/jdk1.8.0_101/bin:$PATH"
* install cmake (an ordinary Linux package);


P.S. Today (27 Sep 2017) it is not the alpha repository, but the stable repository(!)